2013年“二十一世纪的计算”学术研讨会

Klara Nahrstedt is the Ralph and Catherine Fisher Professor in the Computer Science Department, and the Interim Director of the Coordinated Science Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Her research interests are directed toward multimedia systems, Quality of Service (QoS) management, 3D tele-immersive systems and networks, mobile and pervasive computing, and Quality of Experience (QoE). She is the co-author of widely used multimedia books `Multimedia: Computing, Communications and Applications’ published by Prentice Hall, and ‘Multimedia Systems’ published by Springer Verlag. She is the recipient of the IEEE Communication Society Leonard Abraham Award for Research Achievements, University Scholar, Humboldt Research Award, and IEEE Computer Society Technical Achievement Award. In 2007-2013, she served as the chair of ACM SIG Multimedia. Furthermore, she was the general co-chair of ACM Multimedia 2006, general chair of ACM NOSSDAV 2007 and general chair of IEEE Percom 2009.

Klara Nahrstedt received her Diploma in Mathematics from Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany in numerical analysis in 1985. In 1995 she received her PhD from the University of Pennsylvania in the Department of Computer and Information Science. She is the ACM Fellow, IEEE Fellow, and the Member of German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.

From QoS to QoE: Towards Experience-Centric Evaluations of Tele – Immersive Environments

We are seeing a rapid growth of tele-immersive environments over the last decade with applications ranging from health care, training to entertainment. Despite their intensity of user-involved interactions, many of the existing evaluation frameworks remain mostly system-centric, utilizing Quality of Service (QoS) evaluation metrics. Over the last few years we are also seeing intensified efforts towards experience-centric approaches, utilizing Quality of Experience (QoE) evaluation metrics. These efforts are moving in the right direction of understanding evaluations of tele-immersive environments from the experiential point of view. However, the journey towards experience-centric evaluation of tele-immersive environments is very challenging due to (a) multi-modal media in tele-immersive environments, (b) multitude of underlying end-to-end networking and computational technologies, and (c) diverse human activities conducted and experienced in these immersive spaces.

In this talk we discuss the challenges of evaluating experiential tele-immersive environments, including the diverse concepts of tele-immersive system services and mediated human experiences, needed transformations from system-centric to experience-centric evaluation frameworks, and the dependence on activities that we experience in tele-immersive spaces. Based on selected tele-immersive systems in the multimedia community, we present promising findings to sketch next steps towards future evaluation frameworks of experiential tele-immersive environments.

Harry Shum is the corporate vice president responsible for search product development at Microsoft Corporation (Bing). Previously he oversaw the research activities at Microsoft Research Asia and the lab’s collaborations with universities in the Asia Pacific region, and was responsible for the Internet Services Research Center, an applied research organization dedicated to long-term and short-term technology investments in search and advertising at Microsoft. Shum joined Microsoft Research in 1996, as a researcher based in Redmond, Washington. He moved to Beijing as one of the founding members of Microsoft Research China (later renamed Microsoft Research Asia). There he began a nine-year tenure as a research manager, subsequently moving on to become assistant managing director, managing director of Microsoft Research Asia, Distinguished Engineer and Corporate Vice President. Shum is an IEEE Fellow and an ACM Fellow for his contributions on computer vision and computer graphics. Shum received a doctorate in robotics from the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University.

The Future of Internet Search: Intent, Knowledge and Interaction

The decade-old Internet search result pages, manifested in the document-centric form of «ten blue links,» are no longer sufficient for Internet search users. Many studies have shown that when users are ushered off the conventional search result pages through blue links, their needs are often partially met at best in a «hit-or-miss» fashion. To tackle this challenge, we have designed Bing (www.bing.com), Microsoft’s search engine, to not only navigate through web sites but also engage with users to clarify their intent to facilitate the task completion. Powering this new paradigm is the Bing Dialog Model that consists of three building blocks: an indexing system that comprehensively collects information from the web and systematically harvests knowledge, an intent model that statistically infers user intent and predicts next action based on the harvested knowledge, and an interaction model that elicits user intent through mathematically optimized presentations of web information and knowledge that matches user needs. In this talk, I’ll describe Bing Dialog Model in details and demonstrate it in action through innovative features, in particular by applying entity and intent understanding to proactively assist user query formulation for task completion.

Professor Rosalind W. Picard, Sc.D., FIEEE is founder and director of the Affective Computing Research Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab, co-director of the Things That Think Consortium, and co-founder of Affectiva, Inc., delivering technology to help measure and communicate emotion.

Picard holds a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering with highest honors from the Georgia Institute of Technology, and master’s and doctorate degrees, both in electrical engineering and computer science, from MIT. Prior to completing her doctorate, she was a member of the technical staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories where she designed VLSI chips for digital signal processing and developed new methods of image compression and analysis. In 1991 she joined the MIT Media Lab faculty. She became internationally known for mathematical models that she created for image and texture modeling, for creating new content-based retrieval tools such as the Photobook system, and for pioneering methods of automated search and annotation in digital video. The year before she was up for tenure, she published the award-winning book Affective Computing, which became instrumental in starting the new field by that name, which now has its own IEEE journal and professional society. In 2005, she was honored as a Fellow of the IEEE for contributions to image and video analysis and affective computing.

The author of over two hundred scientific articles and chapters in multidimensional signal modeling, computer vision and pattern recognition, machine learning, human-computer interaction, and affective computing, Picard is also the holder of several best paper prizes. She is an international leader in envisioning and creating innovative technology holds patents for developing a variety of new sensors, algorithms, and systems for sensing, recognizing, and responding respectfully to human affective information, with applications in autism, epilepsy, autonomic nervous system disorders, sleep, stress, human and machine learning, health behavior change, market research, customer service, and human-computer interaction. Picard has served on several high-profile advisory committees and editorial boards and also been awarded dozens of distinguished and named lectureships, internationally.

Surprising Discoveries from Affective Computing

Emotion is vital to physical and mental health – influencing the functioning of almost every organ in our body, including our brain and «how we feel.» I have been leading in creating new technologies to help people measure and communicate emotion, getting objective data that helps provide deeper understanding of how emotion works in day to day life. This talk will highlight several examples of emotion technologies and findings that have come out of the Media Lab at MIT. Examples range from a coach to help people better modulate their vocal and facial affect in interviews, to a camera that reads heart rate and respiration, to a wrist-worn sensor that uses emotional disruption to better detect seizures and their severity. Affective wearable technology has also been revealing how brain patterns map to different locations on the skin and how emotional arousal changes activated during sleep affect memory and learning. This talk will highlight several surprises that we never expected to find when we worked on emotion.

Joseph Sifakis is a professor and the director of the «Rigorous System Design» Laboratory at EPFL. His research interests cover fundamental and applied aspects of embedded systems design. The main focus of his work is on the formalization of system design as a process leading from given requirements to trustworthy, optimized and correct-by-construction implementations.

Joseph Sifakis is the founder of Verimag, a leading research laboratory in the area of critical embedded systems established in Grenoble, in 1993. He has received the Turing Award 2007 for his contribution to the theory and application of model-checking, currently the most widely-used verification method.

Joseph Sifakis is a member of the French Academy of Sciences, a member of the French National Academy of Engineering and a member of Academia European. He is a Grand Officer of the French National Order of Merit and a Commander of the French Legion of Honour. He has received the Leonardo da Vinci Medal in 2012.

From Programs to Systems – Building a Smarter World

The focus of computing has been continuously shifting from programs to systems over the past decades. Programs can be represented as relations independent from the physical resources needed for their execution. Their behavior is often terminating, deterministic and platform-independent. On the contrary, systems are interactive. They continuously interact with an external environment. Their behavior is driven by stimuli from the environment, which, in turn, is affected by their outputs.

Modern computing systems break with traditional systems, such as desktop computers and servers, in various ways: 1) they are instrumented in order to interact with physical environments; 2) they are interconnected to allow interaction between people and objects in entirely new modes; 3) they must be smart to ensure predictability of events and optimal use of resources. Currently, we lack theory methods and tools for building trustworthy systems cost-effectively.

In this talk, I will advocate system design as a formal and accountable process leading from requirements to correct-by-construction implementations. I will also discuss current limitations of the state of the art and call for a coherent scientific foundation of system design based on a three-pronged vision: 1) linking the cyber and the physical worlds; 2) correctness-by-construction; 3) adaptivity.

I will conclude with general remarks about the nature of computing and advocate a deeper interaction and cross-fertilization with other more mature scientific disciplines.

After joining Microsoft in September 1991, Rashid served as director and vice president of the Microsoft Research division and was promoted to his current role in 2000. In his earlier roles, Rashid led research efforts on operating systems, networking and multiprocessors, and authored patents in such areas as data compression, networking and operating systems. He managed projects that catalyzed the development of Microsoft’s interactive TV system and also directed Microsoft’s first e-commerce group. Rashid was the driving force behind the creation of the team that later developed into Microsoft’s Digital Media Division.

Before joining Microsoft, Rashid was professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). As a faculty member, he directed the design and implementation of several influential network operating systems and published extensively about computer vision, operating systems, network protocols and communications security. During his tenure, Rashid developed the Mach multiprocessor operating system, which has been influential in the design of modern operating systems and remains at the core of several commercial systems.

Rashid’s research interests have focused on artificial intelligence, operating systems, networking and multiprocessors. He has participated in the design and implementation of the University of Rochester’s Rochester Intelligent Gateway operating system, the Rochester Virtual Terminal Management System, the CMU Distributed Sensor Network Testbed, and CMU’s SPICE distributed personal computing environment. He also co-developed of one of the earliest networked computer games, «Alto Trek,» during the mid-1970s.

Rashid was presented with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Emanuel R. Piore Award in 2008 and inducted into the National Academy of Engineering in 2003. He was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and received the SIGOPS Hall of Fame Award in 2008. In 2009, Rashid was given the Microsoft Technical Recognition Award for exceptional career achievements. In addition, Rashid is a member of the National Science Foundation Computer Directorate Advisory Committee and a past member of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency UNIX Steering Committee and the Computer Science Network Executive Committee. He is a Trustee for the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, as well as a former chairman of the Association for Computing Machinery Software System Awards Committee.

Rashid received master of science (1977) and doctoral (1980) degrees in computer science from the University of Rochester. He graduated with honors in mathematics and comparative literature from Stanford University in 1974.

After over 22 years of leading Microsoft Research and overseeing the organization’s expansion from one to 13 labs, in July 2013 Rashid returned to his roots in operating systems and joined the leadership team of Microsoft’s Operating Systems Engineering Group.

The Role of Basic Research in Innovation – A look back and a look forward

Over the course of my 40+ year research career I have been fortunate to be at or near the center of some of the great changes both in the way computing is done and in how computer science research contributes to the overall story of computing innovation. In this talk I will reflect on that history and talk about the role of basic research in the technology field going forward.

Jeannette Wing is Corporate Vice President, Microsoft Research, with oversight of the organization’s core research laboratories around the world and Microsoft Research Connections.

Dr. Wing joined Microsoft Research in January 2013 after holding key positions in academia and government, most recently at Carnegie Mellon University and the National Science Foundation (NSF).

From 2007 to 2010, Wing served as assistant director of the Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate at the NSF, where she led the directorate that funds academic computer science research in the United States. In this capacity, she worked with NSF staff to set funding priorities for the academic science and engineering research community, create new programs, and represent the nation’s computer science community. Wing has served twice as head of the Department of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University: before her term at NSF and again upon her return to Carnegie Mellon. She was also associate dean for Academic Affairs at Carnegie Mellon for five years, overseeing the educational programs offered by the School of Computer Science.

Her areas of expertise are in trustworthy computing, formal methods, concurrent and distributed systems, programming languages, and software engineering. Her research contributions include work on the Larch family of specification languages; programming language support for atomic objects in distributed transactions; with Dr. Maurice Herlihy, the notion of linearizability, a correctness condition for concurrent objects; and with Dr. Barbara Liskov, a semantics for behavioral subtyping. Her contributions in security and privacy include work on attack graphs and attack surfaces, work on formalizing privacy policies for automated compliance checking, and work on trust in networks of humans and computers.

Within the computer science community, Wing is well-known for her advocacy of «computational thinking,» an approach to problem solving, designing systems and understanding human behavior that draws upon concepts fundamental to computer science. She sees it as a «universally applicable attitude and skill set that everyone, not just computer scientists, should be eager to learn and use.» Wing has also served as the founder and director of the Center for Computational Thinking at Carnegie Mellon.

Wing was on the faculty at the University of Southern California for two years before joining the faculty at Carnegie Mellon University. As a student, she worked at Bell Laboratories and Xerox PARC. She has spent sabbaticals at MIT and MSR Redmond. Wing received the CRA Distinguished Service Award in 2011 and the SIGSOFT Retrospective Paper Award in 2012. She is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Association for Computing Machinery, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.

Wing received her bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

The Impact of Computer Science Research on Science, Technology, and Society

The field of computing is driven by scientific questions, technological innovation and societal demands. There is wonderful interplay—push and pull—among these three drivers. For example, accelerating technological advances and monumental societal demands force us to revisit the most basic scientific questions of computing. These drivers are also measures of the impact of computing research. In my talk I will give examples from Microsoft Research of our impact on science, technology, and society. I will close with pointers to new directions for computing research.